Choosing between the SAT and ACT is one of the first major decisions in your college admissions journey. Both tests are widely accepted, but they have distinct formats, scoring systems, and strengths. Here's how to decide which test is right for you.
Understanding the SAT
Format
- Reading: 52 questions, 65 minutes
- Writing and Language: 44 questions, 35 minutes
- Math (No Calculator): 20 questions, 25 minutes
- Math (Calculator): 38 questions, 55 minutes
- Total Time: 3 hours (without essay)
Scoring
- Total score: 400-1600
- Evidence-Based Reading and Writing: 200-800
- Math: 200-800
Key Characteristics
- More emphasis on reasoning and evidence-based reading
- Vocabulary in context (no obscure words)
- Some no-calculator math questions
- Penalty for wrong answers removed
Understanding the ACT
Format
- English: 75 questions, 45 minutes
- Math: 60 questions, 60 minutes
- Reading: 40 questions, 35 minutes
- Science: 40 questions, 35 minutes
- Total Time: 2 hours 55 minutes (without writing)
Scoring
- Composite score: 1-36 (average of four sections)
- Each section: 1-36
- Optional Writing: 2-12
Key Characteristics
- Faster pace (less time per question)
- Dedicated science section
- More straightforward questions
- All math with calculator allowed
Key Differences
1. Pace and Time Management
SAT: More time per question, allows for deeper thinking
ACT: Faster pace, tests speed and efficiency
2. Math Coverage
SAT:
- No calculator section tests mental math
- Some advanced topics (trigonometry, complex numbers)
- Emphasis on algebra
ACT:
- Calculator allowed throughout
- More geometry
- Broader math coverage
3. Science Section
SAT: No dedicated science section (science passages in Reading)
ACT: Dedicated Science section testing data interpretation and reasoning
4. Reading Passages
SAT: Paired passages, questions about relationships between texts
ACT: Four separate passages, more straightforward comprehension
5. Essay (Optional for Both)
SAT Essay (discontinued as of 2021): Analyze an argument
ACT Writing: Evaluate multiple perspectives on an issue
How to Decide Which Test to Take
Step 1: Take Practice Tests
- Take a full-length SAT practice test
- Take a full-length ACT practice test
- Compare your scores using concordance tables
Step 2: Analyze Your Strengths
Choose SAT if you:
- Prefer more time to think through questions
- Excel at evidence-based reading
- Are strong in algebra
- Prefer fewer, longer passages
Choose ACT if you:
- Work well under time pressure
- Are comfortable with science data interpretation
- Prefer straightforward questions
- Are strong in geometry
Step 3: Consider Test Anxiety
- SAT's slower pace may reduce anxiety
- ACT's variety (four distinct sections) may keep you engaged
Step 4: Check College Requirements
- Most colleges accept both equally
- Some scholarships may prefer one test
- Test-optional policies are expanding
Conversion Chart (Approximate)
| SAT Score | ACT Score |
|-----------|-----------|
| 1600 | 36 |
| 1550 | 35 |
| 1500 | 34 |
| 1450 | 33 |
| 1400 | 31 |
| 1350 | 30 |
| 1300 | 28 |
| 1250 | 27 |
| 1200 | 25 |
| 1150 | 23 |
| 1100 | 22 |
| 1050 | 20 |
| 1000 | 19 |
Final Recommendation
Take both practice tests and let the data decide. Most students perform similarly on both, but some show a clear preference. Your practice test scores will reveal which format suits your strengths.
Hedge your bets: Many students prep for both and take whichever test they feel more confident in after practice.
Test-optional trend: More colleges are becoming test-optional, so consider whether submitting scores will strengthen your application.
